
Nail Fungus: Causes, Symptoms, and Best Natural Treatments
Nail fungus, medically known as onychomycosis, is a common condition that can affect anyone at any point in their life. Although it often starts as a mild discolouration, it can gradually lead to thickening, brittleness, and even deformation of the nails, making it both unsightly and uncomfortable. Let’s explore the best toe nail fungus treatment.
Toenails tend to be more commonly affected than fingernails with fungus, especially the big toenail. The infection develops slowly and, if left untreated, can spread and become more challenging to manage over time.
Understanding the symptoms, causes, and best natural treatment options for nail fungus can help in managing and curing this common and stubborn condition.
Fungal Overgrowth Around the Nail: Key Points and Overview

Nail fungus, typically resulting from an overgrowth of fungi on, under, or within the nail, thrives in warm, moist environments. Toenails are especially vulnerable since they’re frequently confined in shoes, providing the perfect conditions for fungal growth.
Certain individuals are at higher risk, including older adults, athletes, and those with compromised immune systems, diabetes, or a genetic predisposition. Fungal infections can spread easily in communal spaces like showers, locker rooms, and swimming pools, where spores are more prevalent.
Once established, a fungal nail infection can be difficult to treat due to the slow growth rate of nails, particularly toenails. Effective treatment may take months to over a year, requiring patience and consistent application of antifungal solutions. (NIH). For those experiencing symptoms like nail discolouration, thickening, or brittleness, early intervention is crucial to prevent worsening infections or entire nail loss.
Both topical and oral treatments are available, but they are most effective when the infection is detected early. In some cases, healthcare professionals recommend a combination approach, such as internal antifungal medications along with topical creams, lotions, or drops, to maximise effectiveness.
Key Considerations and Prevention Tips
This comprehensive guide will explore all these aspects in detail, providing essential information to help you finally get rid of nail fungus for good.
What Are The Causes Of Nail Fungus?

Nail fungus, or onychomycosis, is a common infection that occurs when fungi grow in, under, or on the nail. This growth is often fuelled by the dark, warm, and moist conditions found in enclosed environments, like the inside (especially the toe region) of shoes or boots, which are ideal for fungal proliferation.
The same fungi responsible for conditions like jock itch, athlete’s foot, and ringworm can also invade the nails, causing fungal nail infections. These fungi, primarily dermatophytes, thrive in warm, damp environments, which makes certain parts of the body, such as the feet, particularly vulnerable to infection. Fungal infections are far more common in toenails than in fingernails, largely due to the conditions under which toenails exist.
Feet enclosed in shoes throughout the day, which trap moisture and heat—ideal conditions for fungal growth. Unlike fingernails, toenails receive limited exposure to air, allowing fungi to proliferate.
Additionally, toenails are more likely to experience micro-traumas from activities like walking, running, or wearing tight footwear. These small injuries can create openings between the nail and nail bed, making it easier for fungi to enter and establish an infection. The limited blood circulation to toes also makes it harder for the body’s immune system to detect and fight off fungal invaders, allowing the infection to persist and sometimes spread.
Key Causes and Pathways of Infection
Common Fungal Organisms Causing Nail Infections

Nail infections are caused by a variety of fungal species, including dermatophytes, molds, and yeasts. Dermatophytes are responsible for most cases of nail fungus however, particularly in toenails. The global prevalence of nail fungus is about 5.5%, according to recent studies, making it a common nail infection (Leung et al., 2020).
A 2013 review of 11 population-based and 21 hospital-based studies found a slightly lower mean prevalence of 4.3% in North America and Europe. These findings highlight the widespread nature of nail fungus, especially in regions with higher risk factors. (Lipner et al., 20-19).
Nail Infection Biofilm Formation and Drug Resistance

Recent studies have highlighted the role of biofilm formation in fungal nail infections (Martinez et al., 2010). Dermatophytes, fungi that infect skin, nails, and hair, often form biofilms—structured communities that adhere to surfaces and protect the fungi from antifungal treatments. These biofilms act as barriers, reducing drug penetration and enabling fungal cells to survive for prolonged periods in the body.
Resilience is a major factor in why dermatophytic infections can be challenging to treat, as the biofilm matrix shields the fungi from both the immune system and medications, often necessitating prolonged or intensified treatments to penetrate and eradicate the infection (Markantonatou et al., 2023).
Key Points About Nail Fungus Biofilms
Who Is at Higher Risk for Fungal Nail Infections?
Certain individuals are more susceptible to developing fungal nail infections due to health conditions, environmental exposure, and lifestyle factors.
Awareness of these factors and adopting preventive measures, like avoiding shared nail tools and wearing protective footwear in public spaces, can help reduce the risk of contracting a fungal nail infection.
How Is Nail Fungus Diagnosed?

To diagnose nail fungus, a physical examination of all nails is essential. Dermatologists may use dermoscopy to distinguish fungal infections from other nail disorders. Clippings and tissue from affected nails are also taken for laboratory analysis. They are even using artificial intelligence today to diagnose. (Lim et al., 2021).
Collecting these samples prior to any treatment ensures accurate results, as prior treatment can reduce the likelihood of identifying the causative fungus. Fungal culture testing remains the standard, though it can take several weeks for results. PCR testing, though faster and highly specific, is more costly and less common.
Additional Diagnostic Tools:
What Does Toenail Fungus Look Like?
Nail fungus, toenail fungus or onychomycosis, can present with a range of visible changes to the nail and surrounding skin. These common symptoms and characteristics can help in identifying and diagnosing the condition:
Each of these symptoms may vary in intensity, depending on the infection’s duration and severity. Understanding these features can help distinguish nail fungus from other nail conditions and guide more effective treatment strategies.
Nail Fungus Images

Most Common Toenail Infection
The most common toenail infection is a distal subungual infection, which can also affect fingernails. This type of fungal infection causes jagged edges and white or yellow streaks along the nail (Leung et al., 2020).
Dermatologists, who specialise in skin, hair, and nail diseases, describe this infection as one that penetrates the nail bed and spreads underneath the nail (sub-ungual).
Over time, the distal end of the nail—the part farthest from the heel—along with the sides, may lift, crack, discolour, and crumble, further weakening the nail’s structure.
Other Common Toenail Infections
Proximal subungual infections are a less common form of nail fungus that can impact both fingernails and toenails. This type of infection typically begins at the base of the nail, (the proximal end) where yellow or white spots form and gradually spread toward the nail’s tip as the infection advances. (Bodman et al., 2024).
People with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV or diabetes, are more susceptible to proximal subungual infections due to their reduced ability to fight off fungal pathogens.

Minor trauma or injury to the nail can also create an entry point for the fungus, allowing it to establish and spread beneath the nail plate.
This form of infection often requires prompt treatment, as it can indicate underlying immune issues and may progress more aggressively than other types.

Recent or Acute Toenail Infection
Acute toenail fungal infections typically begin with subtle changes, such as a slight yellow or white discolouration near the edge or middle of the nail or minor thickening. These infections are recent and may progress slowly, often starting as a small spot that gradually expands.
Symptoms like slight crumbling or brittleness may appear, but the infection is usually contained to part of the nail surface. Early-stage infections respond well to topical antifungal treatments and lifestyle adjustments, such as keeping feet dry and clean. Prompt treatment can help clear the infection and prevent it from spreading further. Oral antifungal medications at this stage can help significantly.
Severe or Chronic Toenail Infections
Chronic or prolonged fungal toenail infections can cause significant nail damage over time. In severe cases, the nail may become thickened, deformed, and darkened, with extensive crumbling and brittleness leading to partial or complete nail loss.
These infections often extend deep into the nail bed and may cause discomfort or even pain. Treating chronic infections is more challenging; oral antifungal medications are often necessary and may need to be taken for months to ensure the fungus is fully eradicated. In some cases, partial or complete nail removal may be required to eliminate the infection entirely.

Nail Fungus Treatment
Fungal nail infections caused by yeast and mold are some of the most stubborn and frustrating fungal issues, often returning despite treatment and taking a long time to fully resolve. However, with a comprehensive approach, managing and even preventing these infections is possible.
The critical point in treating toenail fungus is to address it from all angles: diet, lifestyle, and targeted treatment—both locally and systemically. Simply applying an ointment or taking pills won’t be enough for a lasting cure. Achieving success requires a multi-pronged approach for the best possible outcome.
Here are some of the best tips for keeping nail fungus at bay and effective natural treatments to combat it if it arises. Some of these suggestions may be familiar, while others might be new:

Clean and Dry Environment
One of the simplest but most important practices is to maintain clean, dry feet and hands. Damp environments encourage fungal growth, so drying thoroughly after any exposure to moisture, like a shower, exercise, or unexpected rain, is key.
Many people overlook drying between the toes or behind the nails, creating a perfect environment for fungus to thrive. Similarly, those in professions requiring enclosed shoes or gloves—such as athletes, farmers, or office workers—are at higher risk. For them, frequent sock and shoe changes, sunlight exposure and airing out shoes can help reduce fungal spread.

Sun and Beach
Taking a barefoot walk on the beach or airing feet in open sandals at home can also help, as fresh air and sun exposure discourage fungal growth. Another powerful tool in fighting nail yeast infections is sunlight. Fungi thrive in dark, moist environments, and just 15 minutes a day of sunlight on affected nails can make a difference.
Adding a few drops of tea tree oil to socks or shoes can provide further defence, as it has strong antifungal properties that help keep yeast at bay. When it comes to treating an existing infection, natural remedies like tea tree oil, oregano oil, and apple cider vinegar (ACV) are excellent options. These natural antifungals help to gradually eliminate yeast infections without the harsh side effects of some medications.
Consistent application is crucial, as nails grow slowly and fungal infections take time to fully eradicate. A treatment that’s both effective and gentle, such as a tea tree oil foot soak or an ACV bath, can yield significant results with a little patience.
Best Tips for Preventing and Treating Nail Yeast Infections:
With these tips and some patience, you can manage and prevent nail yeast infections effectively and naturally.
Does Candida In The Gut Lead To Fungal Nail Infection?
Candida infections can vary widely, from being isolated in the digestive system to affecting other parts of the body. In many cases, Candida overgrowth is confined to the gut, with no infections in the nails, genitals, ears, or skin.
This localised Candida overgrowth generally stays within the digestive tract, causing issues but not spreading peripherally. However, fungal nail infections, especially toenail fungus, are often linked to Candida in the gut, even when Candida isn’t detected in peripheral cultures.
In my clinical experience, stool tests frequently revealed high levels of Candida, suggesting an internal fungal presence, which may contribute to persistent nail fungus.
Key Points:
Chronic Fungal Infections Need Diet and Lifestyle Changes
If you suffer from chronic toenail fungus, diet and lifestyle factors are likely contributing to the infection. Here are some key changes to consider for reducing fungal-related nail infections:
In summary, addressing nail fungus requires a comprehensive approach—reforming dietary habits, reducing sugar and alcohol intake, and maintaining topical nail treatments. Correcting fungal overgrowth internally often leads to visible improvements in fungal infections externally.
Best Cure For Nail Fungus
Curing fungal nail infections can be challenging, especially toenail fungus, which often persists due to constant exposure to dark, moist environments in shoes. However, consistent treatment can make a big difference.
Below are some of the most effective natural and lifestyle-based remedies to tackle nail fungus, plus a few essential dietary tips to support recovery from within. For chronic or recurring cases of toenail fungus I recommend the Candida Cleanse Program.
The Most Effective Topical Treatments
Hydrogen Peroxide for Nail Fungus

Hydrogen peroxide can be a powerful ally in treating nail fungus. A 3% hydrogen peroxide solution is known for its ability to break down fungal cells upon contact, offering a quick but temporary improvement. (Qin et al., 2011).
Although it doesn’t cure nail fungus overnight, consistent applications can produce noticeable results over time. Adding a few drops of Lugol’s iodine solution can boost its antifungal properties, making this combination even more effective against stubborn fungal infections.
How to Use Hydrogen Peroxide for Nail Fungus Treatment
Some people say “It doesn’t cure fungal infection”, yet other swear by using hydrogen peroxide. The following treatments work best in conjunction with the diet and lifestyle changes recommended on this page. Internal and external treatment combined always seems to work the best.
Additional Tips
- Avoid Overuse: Hydrogen peroxide can be drying, so monitor your skin for irritation and reduce the frequency if needed.
- Air Exposure: Fungi thrive in moist environments, so allowing nails to air dry after each application is essential.
Hydrogen peroxide combined with apple cider vinegar and iodine provides a powerful, multifaceted approach to clearing nail fungus. As with all treatments, consistency is key, and combining these remedies with good nail hygiene and a supportive diet will maximise your chances of success.
Best Diet Tips For Nail Fungus
Diet is a key factor in managing fungal infections, as certain foods can promote or suppress Candida and fungal growth. Here are some effective dietary changes to support treatment:
In summary, treating fungal nail infections requires a well-rounded approach that includes effective topical treatments, a supportive diet, and proper nail care. Consistency is key, so commit to these steps over the long term for the best chance of success.
Key Diet and Nutrition Pages
Can Yeastrix Products Help With Toenail Fungus?
Toenail fungus is a common condition affecting millions of people worldwide. This stubborn infection can cause the nails to thicken, discolour, and become brittle over time, often leading to embarrassment and discomfort.
Treating toenail fungus requires a comprehensive approach, targeting both the external infection and any internal factors that may contribute to fungal overgrowth. Many patients find that merely applying topical treatments to their nails isn’t enough, especially for persistent or long-standing infections. That’s where a product like Yeastrix can be helpful, as it combines both external and internal treatment methods.
If you’ve been struggling with toenail fungus, consider a two-pronged approach that addresses both the nail symptoms and any underlying imbalances in the body. Taking Yeastrix internally, combined with external treatments and lifestyle adjustments, offers a holistic solution.
Here’s how you may incorporate Yeastrix into your treatment routine to see improvements within three to six months.
How to Treat Toenail Fungus
Oral antifungal therapies are effective for treating toenail fungus but are often limited by significant adverse effects. While topical antifungal therapies offer a safer profile with minimal side effects, their effectiveness is reduced due to limited nail penetration. (Leung et al., 2020).
This highlights the need for those affected by nail fungus to explore alternative and more natural anti-fungal treatment options that combine higher efficacy with improved safety, addressing both the limitations of current drug therapies and the complex nature of nail fungus.
Yeastrix is designed to be part of a dual approach, targeting toenail fungus from both inside and out:
With consistent application, toenail fungus can be managed and, in many cases, completely resolved. However, patience and persistence are essential, as toenail fungus may take several months to clear. With Yeastrix and supporting lifestyle changes, you can restore your nail health and prevent future infections.
Key Take-Home
Taking these steps consistently can lead to healthier nails and a reduction in fungal infections.
We hope you enjoyed this page all about nail fungus. Please leave a comment with your views, or what has worked for you! Eric Bakker ND

Eric Bakker N.D.
Greetings! I am a naturopathic physician from New Zealand. Although I’ve retired from clinical practice since 2019, I remain passionate about helping people improve their lives. You’ll find I’m active online with a focus on natural health and wellbeing education through my Facebook page and YouTube channel, including this website.